Vol. 143, No. 51 — December 19, 2009

Regulations Amending the Health of Animals Regulations

Statutory authority

Health of Animals Act

Sponsoring agency

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

REGULATORY IMPACT
ANALYSIS STATEMENT

(This statement is not part of the Regulations.)

Executive summary

Issue

Disease is a significant threat to sustainable farmed and wild aquatic stocks worldwide. The diseases proposed for control under the NAAH can result in a high mortality rate, produce significant negative impacts on aquatic animal populations and interfere with trade.

Canada does not have a comprehensive national program to protect our aquatic animal populations from either the introduction of serious diseases or the spread of those diseases within Canada. For disease control purposes, the current federal regulations under the Fisheries Act, including the Fish Health Protection Regulations, only address the import and movement within and between provinces of wild and cultured salmonid species (salmon and trout). There is no national control on the import or movement of crustaceans, molluscs or finfish species other than salmonids for disease control purposes. In certain provinces and territories there are different regulations either under the Fisheries Act or under specific provincial legislation. Disease control programs administered under these regulations vary from province to province.

Canada is a member of the OIE which has 175 member countries and is recognised by the WTO as responsible for setting the standards to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases of animals through trade. The lack of a comprehensive national program means Canada fails to meet its international commitments under the OIE. Canada’s ability to export aquatic animals and seafood is suffering due to an inability to meet the import requirements of our trading partners. These requirements are based on the international standard for preventing the introduction or spread of disease through trade in live animals and their products as set by the OIE in the Aquatic Animal Health Code. The Code advises that countries have a national program to allow for the certification of the disease status of stocks of aquatic animals before seafood is permitted to be exported. The OIE recommends a national program that includes a legal requirement to report diseases which present a threat to aquatic animals; the ability to certify the origin and health status of the exported animals and seafood for disease control purposes; import and domestic movement control programs; and a “competent authority” that is responsible for ensuring the standards are met and for certification of exports.

The proposed amendments would provide Canada with a regulatory framework governing the reporting of diseases and for movement control programs.

Objectives

The proposed Regulations are being made for the purpose of implementing the NAAHP. The program objectives are to prevent the introduction into, and spread within, Canada of serious diseases of aquatic animals; to facilitate the export of Canadian aquatic animals and seafood by maximizing our ability to meet the international standards; and to maintain healthy and vigorous aquatic animal populations in Canada by preventing disease introduction and spread. The program will enhance the economic competitiveness of Canadian fisheries and aquaculture businesses, and safeguard our environment and recreational fisheries.

Description

This proposal is modeled after Canada’s internationally recognized terrestrial animal health program and is aligned with the international standards of the OIE. The Health of Animals Act (the Act) and its regulations were established to control and eradicate diseases of animals. The Act and its regulations are recognized as providing Canada with a solid basis for meeting domestic and import disease control requirements for animals, thus allowing Canada to comply with the export demands of our trading partners. A certifying “competent authority,” as recognized by the OIE, is expected to have in place the regulatory infrastructure to control imports, the requirement to report regulated diseases and the ability to respond to an animal health emergency. These regulations would put in place the first two requirements. The third is in place by virtue of the Act applying to aquatic, as well as terrestrial animals.

The proposed amendment requires notification of all listed diseases and enables controls to prevent the introduction and spread of those diseases. The Act requires that animals and things to which it applies be presented for inspection when they are imported. This proposed regulatory amendment would require anyone who wishes to import a susceptible aquatic animal (Schedule III of the Regulations) to obtain a permit. Finfish, crustaceans and molluscs are included on the susceptible species list. The controls contained on the import permit would be based on the susceptibility of the animal, its final use and the risk that the species or its products present if imported into Canada.

The proposed Regulations would also impose similar controls for aquatic animal carcasses as those for the import of terrestrial animals. A permit would be required to import the carcass or offal of an aquatic animal on the susceptible species list if the carcass is being imported for specific uses that are considered to present a risk. Those uses are as bait, for use in feeding to, or manufacturing feed for aquatic animals, in research or diagnosis, or for any other purpose that will produce offal or effluent from those aquatic animals.

The proposed Regulations would enable an exemption of certain susceptible aquatic animal species from permit requirements, even though they are listed on Schedule III, if they are personally owned and destined for use in the owner’s home aquaria. The majority of species identified as pet fish are warm water animals that are typically housed indoors. Natural temperatures for their survival (18°C and up) are generally higher than natural Canadian climatic conditions; therefore, it is unlikely that they would survive if placed in Canadian waters, thus they pose a negligible risk to Canadian aquatic resources. Among the conditions placed on the import of aquatic animals as pets would be the requirement that they be maintained in aquaria within the owner’s household and not be exposed to aquatic animals other than the animals in the owner’s aquaria. Those wishing to import susceptible species under this exemption would have to meet the above-mentioned requirements; otherwise, a permit would be required.

Anyone who wishes to import an aquatic animal that is not on the susceptible species list would not require a permit, but would need to present the information required by the proposed Regulations at the time the animal is presented for import into Canada. The information required includes the identity of the exporter and importer, the origin of the aquatic animal and whether it was born in captivity or the wild. These aquatic animals would not be subject to any disease control measures such as inspection or health certification. The information would allow the CFIA to assess the risk posed by the import of the non-susceptible species and to trace its movement should the species later be determined to pose a risk of introducing a significant disease.

Permits would also be used to control the movement of live aquatic animals or their products. Section 160 of the Health of Animals Regulations sets out the general criteria for permits while sections 191, 194 and 198 contain the wording requiring permits for aquatic animals and their products. The issuance of permits would be flexible in that they could be issued on an annual, shipment or multi-shipment basis, and contain conditions specific to the risk posed by the specific movement.

The conditions contained in import permits would be designed to allow animals or their products to be imported into Canada without their introducing or spreading the diseases identified in the reportable and immediately notifiable diseases lists. The risk of the movement introducing or spreading disease and, therefore, the cost of complying with the conditions would depend on the species, the life stage, the disease agent, the disease status of the place of origin and the use for which the animals or carcasses are being moved. The conditions would be based on the risk and the science surrounding the disease (method of transmission, species affected) and on the national program for control of each specific disease.

The scope of aquatic animals requiring a permit is limited to those susceptible to the listed diseases that can introduce or spread disease. A list of these species would form Schedule III of the Regulations. This list of aquatic animal species that are susceptible to the reportable and immediately notifiable diseases would be reviewed regularly to determine whether the science behind the listing has changed. The NAAHP Aquatic Animal Health Committee, representing all the stakeholders, would be given the opportunity to request clarification or changes.

This proposed amendment would add 23 diseases affecting aquatic animals to the Immediately Notifiable Diseases list (Schedule VII to the Regulations). The immediately notifiable diseases for aquatic animals are not known to exist in Canada and usually can be diagnosed only by testing in laboratories. Since the introduction of these diseases could have devastating effects on Canada’s aquatic animal stocks, they would be controlled under the proposed import permit provisions. Generally, the response to a detection or outbreak would be an emergency response. If, however, after investigation the immediately notifiable disease is found to be established in Canada, then disease control measures could be established.

Schedule VII, Immediately Notifiable Diseases, would include

• abalone viral mortality (abalone mortality virus)
• bonamiosis (Bonamia exitiosa)
• brown ring disease (Vibrio tapetis)
• channel catfish virus disease (channel catfish virus)
• crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci [EU strain])
• enteric septicaemia of catfish (Edwardsiella ictaluri)
• epizootic ulcerative syndrome (Aphanomyces invadans)
• gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)
• hepatopancreatic parvovirus disease (hepatopancreatic parvovirus)
• infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis (infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus)
• infectious myonecrosis (infectious myonecrosis virus)
• marteiliosis (Marteilia sydneyi)
• mikrocytosis (Mikrocytos roughleyi)
• Mourilyan virus disease (Mourilyan virus)
• necrotizing hepatopancreatitis
• Oncorhynchus masou virus disease (Oncorhynchus masouvirus)
• piscirickettsiosis (Piscirickettsia salmonis [Chilean strain])
• red sea bream iridoviral disease (red sea bream iridovirus)
• spawner-isolated mortality virus disease (spawner isolated mortality virus)
• spherical baculovirosis (Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus)
• tetrahedral baculovirosis (Baculovirus penaei)
• white tail disease (white tail virus)
• withering syndrome of abalone (Xenohaliotis californiensis)

This proposed amendment would add six diseases affecting aquatic animals to the Annually Notifiable Diseases list (Schedule VIII to the Regulations). Annually notifiable diseases would not be controlled by the NAAHP. Information on these diseases would be collected in order to determine where they have been found in Canada. Canada submits an annual report to the OIE indicating their presence or absence. These diseases do not warrant a national program as they are found throughout Canada; do not have sufficient impact on fish stocks; or, in the case of captive aquatic animals, can be controlled by treatment or by biosecurity measures.

Schedule VIII, Annually Notifiable Diseases, would include

• bacterial kidney disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum)
• enteric red mouth disease (Yersinia ruckeri)
• furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida)
• streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae)
• seaside organism (Haplosporidium costale)
• QPX disease (Quahog parasite unknown)

A complementary ministerial amendment would add diseases of aquatic animals to the schedule in the Reportable Diseases Regulations. These diseases are difficult to control because they are easily spread, can result in large die-offs and are not affected by treatment; furthermore, management practices are difficult, are expensive to implement and can easily fail. They would be subject to import restrictions and domestic disease controls enabled by these regulations.

The current amendment would not have any immediate impact on aquatic animal movements within Canada; however, the amendment would set out the framework for further regulation which would call for movement permits between areas of differing disease status in Canada. The future eradication areas, established by ministerial declaration for each disease, would be based on the geographic distribution of specific reportable diseases as established after considerable consultation with stakeholders. “Each province, each territory, and the territorial sea and contiguous zone of Canada taken together” would be established as an ‘eradication area’ for the control of reportable diseases that are already present in Canada. If an eradication area is broken up into parts, there would be a description of the geography of the ‘parts’. The declaration would be published and would name the disease and the susceptible species, and would describe the geographical areas to which controls apply and the health status of each with respect to the spread of disease. The levels include free, provisionally free, buffer and infected, in order of least to most risk.

Establishing eradication areas would take into consideration the standards set out by the OIE. It would also consider the relevant scientific criteria, including, but not limited to, the history of the occurrence or spread of disease, the disease surveillance programs in place, the measures that are taken to prevent the spread of disease, the ability to enforce those measures, the barriers to the natural movement of aquatic animals or water, and any trade or other factors that could spread disease.

Once a ministerial declaration is published, the regulation would require anyone who wishes to move an aquatic animal species listed in the declaration from an eradication area or part of such an area that is at a higher risk level to an area that is at a lower risk level, to obtain a permit to move the aquatic animal or carcass of that animal.

Regulatory and non-regulatory options considered

1. Adopt a non-regulatory solution to the control of aquatic animal diseases. This option is not an acceptable solution because the international standard for trade in animals as set by the OIE requires a government authority to be responsible for the control of diseases of animals and for export certification. The OIE is recognized by the WTO as the body governing the SPS provisions for trade. Many of Canada’s trading partners require a competent authority to sign the certification.

2. Maintain the current controls under the Fisheries Act and provincial legislation. This option would not result in a nationally uniform program and would present enforcement challenges. Trading partners have expressed concern that the current regulatory framework would not fully meet any of the requirements as set by the OIE. This option would not provide for import controls for the protection of molluscs, crustaceans and non-salmonid finfish.

3. Utilize the powers of the Health of Animals Act to implement a program similar to that for terrestrial animal health. This is the preferred option and would introduce a regulatory framework to control imports and domestic movements of aquatic animals and carcasses, and would be similar to the requirements for terrestrial animals. This option would allow the CFIA to satisfy the requirements of the OIE and trading partners. The aquatic animal industry and the provincial governments have lobbied for putting this program under this option since 2003.

Benefits and costs

The following is a qualitative summary of a more detailed economic assessment developed by the CFIA to describe the potential benefits and costs resulting from this amendment. Due to the varied nature of the sector to be regulated and to the fact that historically it has not been subject to national-level movement controls, data were either unavailable or incomplete; however, best estimates are presented. While some data exist on the parts of the aquatic sector, other areas, such as the recreational and sport fishing industries, are particularly difficult to quantify. Also, the cultural value of the sector to Canada’s First Nations, as well as coastal and maritime communities, is immeasurable.

Benefits

The fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Canada provide a major economic value to the country. Fishery harvest and processing industries represent a multi-billion-dollar investment to coastal and rural economies in Canada, including Aboriginal communities. Direct and indirect employment in the industry amounted to 84 019 people in 2006, with employment related to aquaculture accounting for 3 900 people. In 2005, money spent on recreational fishing activities contributed $7.5 billion to rural economies across Canada.

In 2006, Canada exported marine, freshwater and aquaculture fish and seafood products worth $4.1 billion, representing 85% (in value) of catches and aquaculture production. Imports for the same period were worth $2.1 billion, some of which were processed and re-exported. The largest benefit of this regulatory amendment would be to allow the fisheries and aquaculture sectors to meet the export requirements of importing countries, allowing opportunities for expanded market access.

The proposed amendment would contribute to better positioning Canada in the international trade of aquatic animals. For example, the outbreak of white spot disease in tropical shrimp and subsequent outbreaks of diseases such as infectious salmon anemia (ISA) in salmon have caused many countries to realize that severe economic damage to a country’s fisheries and environment can result from disease introduction or movement. These outbreaks have resulted in efforts by countries through the OIE to have international aquatic animal health standards developed to prevent the spread of diseases through trade. Additionally, individual countries have started to impose increasingly strict disease control measures on trade of aquatic animals and their products. Thus, to maintain current markets and to access new ones, Canada’s exports of aquatic animals and seafood must meet the demands of other countries for health certification, mandatory disease reporting and import controls.

The lack of a NAAHP means Canada is often unable to demonstrate that aquatic animals and their products exported from Canada meet these expectations for trade. In addition, disease outbreaks can result in increased costs to regain market access through more stringent testing and certification requirements. Once the NAAHP requirements for movement control and compulsory disease notification have been established, Canada would then be able to prevent and control spread of aquatic animal diseases.

The environmental benefits of healthy aquatic animals for Canadians are difficult to evaluate. The loss of an ecological keystone species can have an impact on the food chain, fish habitats and biodiversity. The rate and level of return to environmental conditions that existed prior to the disease introduction varies with the disease and the species affected. In many cases, once a disease is introduced to the wild, nothing can be done except to attempt to prevent it from spreading to other waters.

The diseases chosen for control cause a high rate of mortality in aquatic populations and, even if affected populations survive, the longer term impact can result in failure to thrive, poor reproduction, decreasing quality and quantity of harvested aquatic animals. An example of the potential impact on wild populations occurred in the late 1990s when VHS caused massive die-off of pilchards and herring in British Columbia. The benefit from the NAAHP for fisheries includes prevention of direct loss of aquatic animal stocks, whether wild or cultured, and the loss of quality of the fish available to these sectors.

In 2005, a DFO survey indicated the value of the recreational fisheries in Canada was $7.5 billion (DFO, Survey of Recreational Fishing in Canada, published in 2007). This survey provides a good idea of the importance of this portion of the aquatic sector to the economy. Aquatic animal diseases could also affect both the quantity and the quality of the fish available to the recreational fishery and, therefore, impact on the activity of the estimated 3.25 million anglers reported active on the 2005 survey. In addition, a 2006 outbreak of VHS in the Great Lakes caused massive die-offs in game fish and some of the fish stocks used in the recreational fishery. The finding of VHS in the Great Lakes eliminated the $1-million live bait fish export industry in Ontario.

Disease can also impact shellfish populations, reducing their size and affecting the sustainability of the fishery. In 2002, the introduction of the MSX (caused by Haplosporidium nelsoni), an oyster disease, into the Bras d’Or Lake area caused losses of over 90%. The impact was felt by the oyster fishery, including commercial harvesters, First Nations and aquaculturists. Controls were put in place to stop the disease spread and to protect the Malpeque oyster industry, worth $10 million. The controls did not, however, restrict the movement of the susceptible species. The proposed amendment would allow for measures that would help to prevent the introduction and spread of such diseases.

Finally, the proposed amendment would enable the CFIA to impose longer-term, domestic control measures across the country to contain diseases and prevent spread within the country by requiring permits for all movements from higher risk to lower risk areas. This additional requirement for permits for domestic movement would be established for each disease by ministerial declaration after this proposed amendment comes into effect.

Costs

The proposed regulatory amendments establish an import permit regime with conditions designed to allow the animals to be imported into Canada while addressing the risk of introduction of disease. The risk and therefore the cost of the measures applied as import conditions would depend on the species, the disease and the final use.

Cost data was difficult to gather mainly because the relevant information on import was not required in the past. A survey from the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) was used to generate some annual data (e.g. number of transactions) in order to generate some annual cost numbers. Even with the assistance of the survey, it is clear that with time, as the proposed amendments are implemented, it would be possible to improve the data on costs.

A summary of the cost analysis is shown in Appendix 1, Table 1. According to that table, over a 10-year period, and under a discount rate of 8%, the annual present cost is between $5.0 and $5.3 million, of which approximately 62% is borne by CFIA. A sensitivity analysis (Appendix 1, Table 2) suggests that the share of the costs borne by CFIA remains almost unchanged. At the discount rates of 6% and 10%, the cost range from low to high cost are respectively of $5.4 to $5.7 million, and $4.6 to $4.9 million.

With regard to mandatory reporting of Immediately Notifiable and Annually Notifiable Diseases, (see footnote 1) the inclusion of aquatic animal diseases in the notifiable lists, would result in marginally increased costs for diagnosis that would be initially borne by the private and public sectors, primarily provincial laboratory services. These costs could be passed along to the aquatic animal producer. The frequency with which the listed diseases (mostly exotic) are diagnosed is anticipated to be minimal. Therefore the related costs would also be minimal.

Net benefit

A quantitative assessment was not possible for the reasons listed above. However, although the cost data is incomplete, the magnitude of the cost (in the $5 million range discounted) suggests it is relatively small compared to the potential harm to the industry (and even to some of the industry sectors such as recreational fisheries) if the multi-billion dollar industry were to be seriously affected by disease introduction or spread. In other words, the benefits of the proposal likely outweigh the costs.

Rationale

Given the potentially devastating losses that could result from an outbreak of a serious disease of aquatic animals on aquatic animal populations and the Canadians who depend on those sectors, it is important that steps be taken to address this risk. It is also important that the proposal meet the standards set by the OIE to preserve Canada’s export markets for aquatic animals and products derived from them. Regulatory amendments instituting import restrictions and domestic control measures for aquatic animals are necessary to reach these objectives.

The most effective way to implement these requirements is to develop a similar program as that for terrestrial animals to control diseases and meet international trade requirements. The Canadian terrestrial program has been recognized around the world as having achieved one of the world’s highest health statuses in terrestrial animals. The proposed measures would build on Canada’s successes with the terrestrial animal program and would also include measures to deal with the specific risks associated with Canada’s waters.

More recently, the OIE has included aquatic animals. Canada is an active member at the world and regional levels, working to ensure the OIE standards are developed on a scientific basis and are reasonable in assessing the risk posed by trade. Canada currently works with the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Mexico along with many other countries to coordinate disease control programs for terrestrial animals, and is now embarking upon similar efforts with respect to aquatic animals.

Consultation

The need for a uniform national program to control disease in aquatic animals was discussed for many years by the provinces, the federal government and stakeholders such as the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association, the Fisheries Council of Canada and the Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance.

After the announcement of the NAAHP in 2005, CFIA and DFO formed the Aquatic Animal Health Committee to discuss NAAHP issues including possible regulatory requirements. The Committee included representatives of provincial governments, veterinarians, aquaculture, fisheries, processors, academia and aboriginal peoples. Due to the lack of regulatory consistency across Canada, it was determined that a national regulatory framework was required.

Consultation began in March and June 2007 with federal departments with an interest in aquatic animals and their diseases and those that would be affected by the implementation of the NAAHP. Information was also provided to affected groups such as the Introduction and Transfers Committees (ITC) which are currently responsible for advising DFO on the issuance of licences for fish being released into fish habitat or transferred to rearing facilities.

In September 2007, a request to consult was sent to Provincial Deputy Ministers and Assistant Deputy Ministers responsible for programs associated with commercial fisheries, aquaculture, recreational fisheries and wildlife. At the same time, stakeholders, DFO and NAAHP provincial contacts were contacted requesting the opportunity to discuss the proposed regulatory amendments. In addition, workbooks were distributed to allow an opportunity for more specific comments.

Meetings were held to discuss the impact of the proposed amendments and the proposed plan for the NAAHP with federal and provincial government staff, industry and other stakeholders. Additional meetings were held with crab and lobster harvesters and processing groups in Atlantic Canada. National organizations including the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council of Canada, the Canadian Wildlife Federation, the Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance, the Fisheries Council of Canada and the National Seafood Sector Council attended meetings held in Ottawa. Discussions were held with several Aboriginal groups, including a presentation to the Assembly of First Nations National Fisheries Committee.

In total, more than 225 individuals and organisations participated in the consultation process. The consensus of opinion was that this proposed amendment, along with the concurrent amendment to the Reportable Diseases Regulations, was acceptable and necessary to ensure the continued health and sustainability of aquatic animals in Canada.

The stakeholders and provinces expressed their desire for continued consultation on the development and implementation of the domestic disease control programs including emergency response. Between January and March 2009, follow up face-to-face meetings were held with the same stakeholders as well as additional representatives from the wild fisheries sectors.

Specific concerns expressed during the consultation included the delivery of the program, compensation for loss of animals to disease, the impact of the program on individuals, the control of effluent from processing plants and on the number of diseases and whether they where reportable, immediately notifiable or annually notifiable.

Concern over the delivery of the domestic program dealt with the issue of introducing a national program into an area where several provinces and DFO had initiatives. Discussions have been ongoing through the Canadian Council of Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministers and the CFIA-DFO Transition Steering Committee to arrive at a uniform method of delivery satisfactory to the majority of stakeholders that would minimize the costs to the industry and utilize programs already in place. However, even in the absence of a uniform method of delivery, the programs would be able to co-exist.

CFIA’s initial movement control programs would deal with preventing the introduction of disease into Canada through controlling the importation of aquatic animals, their carcasses and their by-products. Since there is currently a very limited legal control of imports of aquatic animals, this proposal has been supported by the vast majority of stakeholders. A few stakeholders who import aquatic animals for the aquarium industry and distribute them throughout the country have expressed concern over the proposal and the CFIA is working with those organizations to minimize the impact on them.

The Act provides for compensation to be paid for animals or things that are ordered destroyed or treated by an inspector as part of a disease control program. Compensation cannot be paid for losses due to disease or loss of income. The stakeholders initially had hoped for compensation for losses caused by disease but are now aware that the legislation does not allow for payment of compensation for anything other than animals or things destroyed or treated in accordance with the Act.

Concern was expressed on the impact of the program on individuals. Information on how the program would function, including the cost of the required permits and which diseases would be controlled, was provided to those concerned.

Multiple changes have been made as a result of the discussions and feedback during consultation. Several changes were made to the initial lists of reportable diseases and susceptible animals presented during consultation.

Instead of regulating all aquatic animals as was initially proposed, only species susceptible to the reportable and immediately notifiable diseases have been added to Schedule III, the list of susceptible species of fish. This would greatly reduce the number of aquatic animals that would require import permits.

The import or the movement of live aquatic animals or carcasses for processing from countries or areas considered positive for aquatic animal disease poses a risk for disease introduction and spread due to the possibility of release of infected material via solid waste or effluent. Effluent controls have been identified as a primary requirement for reducing or eliminating this risk. CFIA has discussed the issue with the seafood sector (Fisheries Council of Canada) and agreed that a strategy for moving forward on implementation of effluent control measures is required, in consultation with other federal regulatory authorities.

Preparatory steps toward effluent controls are necessary to make the transition from the historic lack of control of effluent for disease control purposes to the imposition of such controls without severely damaging the economy. The CFIA would not be implementing effluent controls immediately, and the decision on when effluent controls would be required would be based on an assessment of the risks that effluent would carry aquatic animal pathogens. Factors such as the health status of the country of origin, the risk associated with the animals and the end use would be considered. Permit conditions or mitigation measures that include the requirement for use of effluent treatment, would be evidence-based and in accordance with the appropriate level of protection required to mitigate the import of regulated diseases.

Implementation, enforcement and service standards

Implementation

The requirements for Immediately and Annually Notifiable diseases (Schedules VII and VIII) would come into force on the day on which the Regulations are registered. At that point, laboratories would be required to report the presence of these diseases.

The Aquatic Animal Health Division has been discussing the development and implementation of the specific programs with a wide variety of federal and provincial authorities, and stakeholders. There has been ongoing close cooperation between DFO and CFIA pertaining to the transfer of authority for aquatic animal health from DFO to CFIA. Discussion with the provincial authorities would include the possibility of joint delivery of some aspects of the program.

DFO is responsible for providing laboratory services for the competent authority, technical laboratory expertise, maintenance of national reference laboratories for the diagnosis of regulated diseases, and the delivery of research for NAAHP.

Implementation of export negotiations and certification by the CFIA does not require regulatory amendment and most of the transfer of this responsibility from DFO to the CFIA staff has already taken place.

Discussions on implementation of the import requirements will occur between CFIA and CBSA. A parallel import program already exists under the terrestrial animal health program for providing information, receiving applications, issuing permits and enforcing compliance at major Canadian ports of entry. CBSA and the CFIA are expected to provide information to aid in notifying customs brokers and other importers of the new requirements they would face under these regulations. The CFIA is communicating with importers, including the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council of Canada, which represents the major importers and retailers of tropical or aquarium fish, which have not been regulated previously.

The import controls would come into effect March 1, 2011. As this regulatory change would affect industries which have not previously required aquatic animal health controls, this period would ensure importers are aware of the program and have the opportunity to prepare to comply with the requirements before they come into effect.

Implementation of the parts of the amendment which affect the movement of aquatic animals within Canada would only come into effect after the health status of eradication areas, or parts thereof, have been declared. Except during an emergency response, movement permits would not be required until an area’s health status has been declared. Discussions on development of the actual conditions for the control of diseases within Canada have been ongoing for several years and would continue as part of the process to declare Area health statuses. Discussions on implementation of the program have also been ongoing with provincial and territorial authorities and the Introduction and Transfers Committees (ITCs). These provide advice to the DFO Regional authorities in provinces where section 55 of the Fishery (General) Regulations require licences to control the introduction of aquatic animals into aquatic habitat or their transfer into rearing facilities.

There would be communication of the requirements to Canadians who are involved in the aquatic animal industry. The CFIA would take steps in conjunction with provincial governments and other stakeholder groups to notify those affected.

Enforcement

Section 65 of the Act provides for punishment on conviction of refusing or neglecting to perform a duty imposed by the Act or the Regulations. Summary conviction of an offence under the Act or a regulation made under the Act carries a fine of up to $50,000. Where violations are discovered, compensation can be withheld from owners of animals or things ordered destroyed or treated, and imports can be ordered out of Canada or destroyed without compensation.

Section 91.2 of the Regulations requires that a laboratory report the diagnosis or suspicion of the appearance of an immediately notifiable disease. Failure to report is an offence under the Regulations.

Determination of failure to report an immediately notifiable disease would be by investigation of disease outbreaks or reporting the results of diagnostic samples by laboratories from facilities that have not reported disease. Similarly, testing for disease by other countries may detect disease that has not been reported.

Section 16 of the Act requires anyone importing any animal, product or by-product or thing which might introduce disease into Canada to present the animal to an inspector or to a customs officer. Customs officers would not release any shipments until they are approved by the CFIA. Shipments which are not presented would be destroyed. Those which do not meet the legal requirements would be refused entry into Canada or, if the importer does not wish to remove them from Canada, they would be destroyed.

Enforcement of the import requirements at the Canadian border is by CBSA with the assistance of the CFIA.

The proposed section 198 of the Regulations makes it an offence to move a susceptible fish, mollusc or crustacean from an eradication area with higher risk for a disease to one with a lower risk without a permit where a declaration has been published.

Enforcement of requirements for permits to move aquatic animals would be by examination of animals and of records of hatcheries and other facilities that move aquatic animals. Some provincial authorities have regulations which regulate hatcheries and other facilities, and the CFIA would discuss possible cooperation in enforcing the permit requirements.

Service standards

The CFIA responds to CBSA requests for dealing with animals imported into Canada on a priority basis. Live animals are normally inspected initially within the first day after arrival. Things such as products are normally dealt with by CFIA import service centres and, provided the requirements are met, are approved for release the same day.

Under the terrestrial animal health program, applications for import permits are replied to within five days. Subsequent action depends on whether the request is for a routine import or for an unusual or new import which may require investigation, negotiations with the exporting country or a risk assessment to determine what steps must be taken to provide an acceptable risk if the proposed import proceeds. For high risk, more complicated applications, the process may take more than a year or the application may be refused as presenting too high a risk. For first time applications, where a risk assessment has never been done, the applicant may be responsible for providing information to support a CFIA risk assessment which meets the OIE standard. The risk assessment is the basis for CFIA’s decision on the issuance of an import permit. These same standards would also apply to imports under NAAHP.

The policy and implementation plans for the domestic disease control program would be developed and service standards set as part of further discussions with stakeholders. There is no parallel permit system in place for terrestrial animals, so the service standards would depend on the complexity of the program demands. Initially, it is expected that service standards would mirror those for import and applications for movement permits would be replied to within five days.

Contact

Dr. Carolyn Inch
Acting Director
Aquatic Animal Health Division
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0Y9
Telephone: 613-221-1487
Email: Carolyn.inch@inspection.gc.ca

Table 1: Cost Summary Table of Yearly Cost For 10 Year Period at an 8% Discount Rate

categories	Low-cost Scenario		High-cost Scenario
	Reference Year	Present Value	Reference Year	Present Value
Categories
Cost to importers of complying (includes cost of applying for a permit and cost with conditions)
-Import and release into open waters/breeding facilities	171,443.60	120,167.65	182,855.50	128,166.44
-Import of susceptible, live aquatic animals for retail as food	47,040.00	32,971.11	47,510.40	34,752.30
-Import of susceptible aquatic animals for processing	2,288,890.00	1,604,320.75	2,311,778.90	1,690,990.27
-Import for display or show	31,175.00	21,851.07	31,175.00	21,851.07
-Import of non-susceptible aquatic animals	150,000.00	105,137.47	151,500.00	110,817.27
-Import of personal “pets”	7,500.00	5,256.87	7,500.00	5,256.87
-Import of carcasses for use as bait/feeding to aquatic animals	3,000.00	2,102.75	3,030.00	2,216.35
-Import for research and diagnosis	1,500.00	1,051.37	1,500.00	1,051.37
Subtotal — Cost to importers	2,700,548.60	1,892,859.05	2,736,849.80	1,995,101.93
Cost to CFIA (includes cost of processing permit applications as well as inspection cost)
-Import and release into open waters/breeding facilities	140,114.00	98,208.21	142,760.00	100,062.84
-Import of susceptible, live aquatic animals for retail as food	62,720.00	43,961.48	63,347.20	46,336.39
-Import of susceptible aquatic animals for processing	4,191,862.50	2,938,145.55	4,233,781.13	3,096,871.71
-Import for display or show	8,337.50	5,843.89	8,337.50	5,843.89
-Import of non-susceptible aquatic animals	26,700.00	18,714.47	26,967.00	19,725.47
-Import of personal “pets”	400.50	280.72	400.50	280.72
-Import of carcasses for use as bait/feeding to aquatic animals	9,750.00	6,833.94	9,847.50	7,203.12
-Import for research and diagnosis	2,133.50	1,495.41	2,133.50	1,495.41
Subtotal — Cost to CFIA	4,442,018.00	3,113,483.67	4,487,574.33	3,277,819.55
Total cost	7,142,566.60	5,006,342.72	7,224,424.13	5,272,921.49

For the analysis, the costs to importers and to CFIA were grouped into eight risk-based import categories: Import and release into open waters/breeding facilities; Import of susceptible, live aquatic animals for retail as food; Import of susceptible aquatic animals for processing; Import for display or show; Import of personal “pets”; Import of carcasses for use as bait/ feeding to aquatic animals; and Import for research and diagnosis. The cost associated with import of non-susceptible aquatic animals not directly required to have permits but mentioned in the regulatory amendment was also included. Where applicable, the cost to importers was based on the time invested in permit application, presence during inspection and certification, compliance activities, sample collection time and treatment. For CFIA, the costs were for inspection, permit issue and approval (for processing facilities). The costs are based on the general principles of risk, biosecurity, and possibility of exposure to the Canadian aquatic animal stocks and to “open” water.

Data from CBSA surveys were used to establish the annual cost, which was subsequently applied to a 10 year period in order to arrive at a yearly present value of the cost. A low-cost and a high-cost scenario were considered. For the high-cost scenario, it is assumed that the volume of transactions from high-risk areas and the inspection cost for CFIA are higher for the permit issue for gamete import (which is under the “Import and release into open waters/breeding facilities” category). In addition, there is a 1% yearly increase in transactions for susceptible and non-susceptible aquatic animals, and for carcasses. This simulates an increasing demand driven by population growth. It is worth mentioning that, although plausible, the assumption that imports from high-risk areas would increase is unlikely as most of the imports are already from low-risk areas. Furthermore, as the data was based on a conservative analysis, it is more likely that the cost would be on the low-cost scenario side.

Table 2: Sensitivity Analysis

cost	Discount rate
	6%	8%	10%
Lower-cost scenario
Cost to importer	2,052,438.31	1,892,859.05	1,754,022.79
Cost to CFIA	3,375,968.83	3,113,483.67	2,885,117.79
Total cost	5,428,407.14	5,006,342.72	4,639,140.58
Higher-cost scenario
Cost to importer	2,166,924.62	1,995,101.93	1,845,779.78
Cost to CFIA	3,560,406.71	3,277,819.55	3,032,250.94
Total cost	5,727,331.33	5,272,921.49	4,878,030.72

PROPOSED REGULATORY TEXT

Notice is hereby given that the Governor in Council, pursuant to subsection 64(1) (see footnote a) of the Health of Animals Act (see footnote b), proposes to make the annexed Regulations Amending the Health of Animals Regulations.

Interested persons may make representations concerning the proposed Regulations within 75 days after the date of publication of this notice. All such representations must cite the Canada Gazette, Part I, and the date of publication of this notice, and be addressed to Dr. Carolyn Inch, Director, Aquatic Animal Health Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (tel.: 613-221-1487; e-mail: carolyn. inch@inspection.gc.ca).

Ottawa, December 10, 2009

JURICA ČAPKUN
Assistant Clerk of the Privy Council

REGULATIONS AMENDING THE HEALTH OF ANIMALS REGULATIONS

AMENDMENTS

1. Subsection 8(1) of the Health of Animals Regulations (see footnote 2) is replaced by the following:

8. (1) The Minister may accept a certificate or any other document referred to in this Part, any of Parts III to VIII or Part XVI that is transmitted in electronic form, including by facsimile.

2. The Regulations are amended by adding the following after section 189:

PART XVI

AQUATIC ANIMALS

INTERPRETATION

190. The following definitions apply in this Part.

“aquatic animal” means any finfish, mollusc or crustacean, including any germplasm or life stage of those animals. (animal aquatique)

“eviscerated”, in relation to a finfish, means that the internal organs, excluding the brain and gills, have been removed. (éviscéré)

“finfish” means any cold-blooded aquatic vertebrate possessing fins and gills. (poisson à nageoires)

“germplasm” means semen, male or female germ cells or genetic material taken from a male or female germ cell for the purpose of producing a zygote. (matériel génétique)

“offal”, in relation to an aquatic animal, means waste portions including the visceral organs, cut-offs, raw material and organs. (abats)

“species” means, in respect of germplasm, the species of the aquatic animal that it is from. (espèce)

3. The Regulations are amended by adding the following after Section 190:

IMPORTATION OF AQUATIC ANIMALS

Importation of Aquatic Animals Listed in Schedule III

191. No person shall import an aquatic animal listed in Schedule III except in accordance with a permit issued under section 160.

Pet Aquatic Animals

192. (1) Despite section 191, a person may import an aquatic animal listed in Schedule III without a permit if

(a) the aquatic animal is a member of one of the following species: Barbonymus gonionotus, Carassius auratus, Devario devario, Danio rerio, Eigenmannia virescens, Glossogobius giuris, Osphronemus goramy, Oxyeleotris marmorata, Pangasius hypophthalmus, Poecilia reticulata, Puntius conchonius, Puntius sophore, Symphysodon discus, Toxotes chatareus, or Trichogaster pectoralis;

(b) the aquatic animal has not been taken to a show or display outside Canada;

(c) the aquatic animal is imported by its owner;

(d) the aquatic animal is accompanied or picked up by its owner at the point of entry into Canada; and

(e) the owner presents proof of the owner’s identity and his or her ownership of the animal to the inspector.

(2) Every person who imports an aquatic animal under subsection (1) shall retain the aquatic animal in the person’s aquarium in his or her household, and shall not, for the year following the importation, expose it to any aquatic animals other than those kept in the household.

(3) No person shall import any aquatic animal under subsection (1) if the person imported an aquatic animal under that subsection in the previous 90 days.

(4) Every person who imports an aquatic animal under subsection (1) shall keep the records of the importation, including the documents required under paragraph (1)(e).

Aquatic Animals not Listed in Schedule III

193. No person shall import an aquatic animal that is not listed in Schedule III unless it is accompanied by a document that is satisfactory to an inspector and that includes the following information:

(a) the name and address of the exporter;

(b) the name and address of the importer;

(c) the taxonomic name of the aquatic animal, the life stage, and the number being imported, if more than one; and

(d) the country in which the aquatic animal was born or where the germplasm came from and, in the case of an aquatic animal, whether it was born in captivity or in the wild.

Importation of Carcasses and Offal

194. No person shall import into Canada, except in accordance with a permit issued under section 160

(a) the carcass of a finfish listed in Schedule III for use as bait, for use in feeding to, or manufacturing feed for aquatic animals, for research or diagnosis or, if the carcass has not been eviscerated, for any other purpose that will produce offal or effluent containing anything from the finfish;

(b) the carcass of a mollusc listed in Schedule III, for use as bait, for use in feeding to, or manufacturing feed for aquatic animals, for research or diagnosis, or for a purpose that will produce offal or effluent containing anything from the mollusc; or

(c) the carcass or a part of the carcass of a crustacean listed in Schedule III that has the shell attached, for use as bait, for use in feeding to, or manufacturing feed for aquatic animals, for research or diagnosis, or for a purpose that will produce offal or effluent containing anything from the crustacean;

(d) offal from any aquatic animal.

4. The Regulations are amended by adding the following after section 194:

PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF DISEASES OF AQUATIC ANIMALS

Eradication Areas

195. Each province, each territory, and the territorial sea and contiguous zone of Canada taken together, is established as an eradication area in which

(a) any finfish, mollusc or crustacean listed in Schedule III may be inspected, segregated and tested for any disease listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations; and

(b) disease eradication programs may be instituted for preventing the spread of any disease listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations.

196. Every owner or person having the possession, care or control of an aquatic animal or a thing in an eradication area shall, when requested by a veterinary inspector, an inspector or an accredited veterinarian endorsed by a veterinary inspector, permit tests for any of the diseases listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations to be conducted on the aquatic animal or the thing.

197. (1) The Minister may declare an eradication area, or a part of one, to be an infected area with respect to any of the diseases of aquatic animals listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations if the disease has been identified in the eradication area, or part of it, and may designate the aquatic animals susceptible to that disease, unless

(a) the infected animals and any things that have been exposed to the disease have been treated or disposed of in a manner that satisfies a veterinary inspector that the disease has been eliminated from the eradication area or part of it, and the result of an epidemiological investigation satisfies the veterinary inspector in charge of the investigation that the disease has been eradicated from the eradication area or part of it; or

(b) the animals, things or disease are located in a containment facility.

(2) The Minister may declare an eradication area, or a part of one, to be a free area with respect to any of the diseases of aquatic animals listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations if he or she is satisfied that

(a) the eradication area, or part of it, is free of that disease, based on one or more of the following factors:

(i) the amount of time since the disease was last identified in the area or part of it,

(ii) the investigation of all suspected outbreaks and the decision by the veterinary inspector that the disease is not present,

(iii) the actions taken to eradicate the disease, if it was identified, and the success of those actions, based on the factors set out in paragraphs (1)(a) and (b),

(iv) the disease detection activities are sufficient to detect the presence of the disease,

(v) the measures taken to prevent the introduction of the disease into the eradication area, or part of it, and the ability to enforce those measures,

(vi) the physical barriers to the spread of the disease,

(vii) any other scientific information relevant to the disease, or

(viii) the separation of the free area, or part of it, from any infected area by a buffer area; and

(b) disease detection activities sufficient to detect the presence of the disease are maintained while the declaration is in effect.

(3) The Minister may declare an eradication area, or a part of one, to be a buffer area for any of the diseases listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations if he or she is satisfied that even though the disease has not been detected within the eradication area, or part of it, that area or part of it is at risk of becoming infected, because of its epidemiological relationship to an infected area.

(4) The Minister may declare an eradication area, or a part of it, to be a provisionally free area for any of the diseases listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations if the eradication area or part of it is not an infected area, free area or buffer area.

(5) Any declaration under this section shall include a description of the eradication area, or part of it, the name of the disease on which the declaration is based and the list of the species of aquatic animals and carcasses or parts of carcasses of those aquatic animals that are susceptible to that disease.

MOVEMENT OF AQUATIC ANIMALS

198. (1) No person shall move, or cause to be moved, an aquatic animal or a thing specified in a declaration made under subsection 197(1) from an eradication area, or part of one, that has been declared an infected area for a disease named in the declaration, to a free area, buffer area or provisionally free area for that disease, except in accordance with a permit issued under section 160.

(2) No person shall move, or cause to be moved, an aquatic animal or a thing specified in a declaration made under subsection 197(3) from an eradication area, or part of it, that has been declared a buffer area for a disease named in the declaration, to a free area, another buffer area or a provisionally free area for that disease, except in accordance with a permit issued under section 160.

(3) No person shall move, or cause to be moved, an aquatic animal or thing specified in the declaration made under subsection 197(4) from an eradication area, or part of it, that has been declared a provisionally free area for a disease named in the declaration, to a free area for that disease, except in accordance with a permit issued under section 160.

199. If, in the opinion of the Minister, an aquatic animal is moved into an area in violation of section 198, the Minister may order that the aquatic animal be taken back without delay to the area from which it was moved or to an area of equal or lesser health status.

MARKING OF AQUATIC ANIMALS

200. If a person administers a test for a disease listed in the schedule to the Reportable Diseases Regulations or a disease named in Schedule VII to an aquatic animal and the animal reacts positively to the test, the person shall permanently mark it with an identifier appropriate to the species.

GENERAL

201. If, under this Part, a permit, certificate or other document is required for the removal or transportation of an aquatic animal, the person having the possession, care or control of the aquatic animal shall, when requested to do so by an inspector or peace officer appointed under the Act, produce the permit, certificate or other document.

5. The Regulations are amended by adding, after Schedule II, the Schedule III set out in Schedule I to these Regulations.

6. Schedule VII to the Regulations is replaced by the Schedule VII set out in Schedule 2 to these Regulations.

7. Schedule VIII to the Regulations is replaced by the Schedule VIII set out in Schedule 3 to these Regulations.

COMING INTO FORCE

8. These Regulations come into force on the day on which they are registered, except section 3 which comes into force on March 1, 2011.

SCHEDULE 1
(Section 3)

SCHEDULE III
(Sections 191 to 195)

SUSCEPTIBLE SPECIES OF AQUATIC ANIMALS

PART 1

Finfish

Item	Species
1.	Abramis brama
2.	Acanthopagrus australis
3.	Acanthopagrus latus
4.	Acanthopagrus schlegelii
5.	Acipenser baerii
6.	Acipenser brevirostrum
7.	Acipenser fulvescens
8.	Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
9.	Acipenser oxyrinchus
10.	Acipenser transmontanus
11.	Ambloplites rupestris
12.	Ameiurus catus
13.	Ameiurus melas
14.	Ameiurus natalis
15.	Ameiurus nebulosus
16.	Ammodytes hexapterus
17.	Ammodytes personatus
18.	Anabas testudineus
19.	Anguilla anguilla
20.	Aplodinotus grunniens
21.	Argentina sphyraena
22.	Atractoscion nobilis
23.	Aulorhynchus flavidus
24.	Barbonymus gonionotus
25.	Barbus barbus
26.	Barbus graellsii
27.	Bidyanus bidyanus
28.	Brevoortia tyrannus
29.	Carassius auratus
30.	Carassius carassius
31.	Catostomus commersonii
32.	Channa striata
33.	Chondrostoma nasus
34.	Chondrostoma polylepis
35.	Chondrostoma toxostoma
36.	Cinetodus froggatti
37.	Cirrhinus mrigala
38.	Clarias batrachus
39.	Clupea harengus
40.	Clupea pallasii
41.	Colisa lalia
42.	Coregonus clupeaformis
43.	Ctenopharyngodon idella
44.	Cymatogaster aggregata
45.	Cyprinus carpio
46.	Cyprinus carpio goi
47.	Cyprinus carpio koi
48.	Danio rerio
49.	Devario devario
50.	Dicentrarchus labrax
51.	Diplodus sargus
52.	Dorosoma cepedianum
53.	Eigenmannia virescens
54.	Enchelyopus cimbrius
55.	Epinephelus akaara
56.	Epinephelus awoara
57.	Epinephelus bruneus
58.	Epinephelus coioides
59.	Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
60.	Epinephelus lanceolatus
61.	Epinephelus malabaricus
62.	Epinephelus melanostigma
63.	Epinephelus septemfasciatus
64.	Epinephelus tauvina
65.	Esox lucius
66.	Esox masquinongy
67.	Evynnis japonica
68.	Exocoetus volitans
69.	Gadus macrocephalus
70.	Gadus morhua
71.	Galaxias olidus
72.	Gambusia affinis
73.	Gasterosteus aculeatus
74.	Gibelion catla
75.	Girella punctata
76.	Glossogobius giuris
77.	Gobio gobio
78.	Hexanematichthys sagor
79.	Hippoglossus hippoglossus
80.	Hucho hucho
81.	Hypomesus pretiosus
82.	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
83.	Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
84.	Ictalurus furcatus
85.	Ictalurus punctatus
86.	Kurtus gulliveri
87.	Labeo rohita
88.	Lampetra ayresii
89.	Lampetra fluviatilis
90.	Larimichthys crocea
91.	Lateolabrax japonicus
92.	Lates calcarifer
93.	Lepomis gibbosus
94.	Lepomis macrochirus
95.	Lethrinus haematopterus
96.	Lethrinus nebulosus
97.	Leuciscus idus
98.	Limanda limanda
99.	Lota lota
100.	Maccullochella peelii
101.	Macquaria ambigua
102.	Macquaria australasica
103.	Macquaria novemaculeata
104.	Melanogrammus aeglefinus
105.	Merlangius merlangus
106.	Merluccius productus
107.	Microgadus proximus
108.	Micromesistius poutassou
109.	Micropterus dolomieu
110.	Micropterus salmoides
111.	Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
112.	Monopterus albus
113.	Morone americana
114.	Morone chrysops
115.	Morone saxatilis
116.	Moxostoma anisurum
117.	Moxostoma macrolepidotum
118.	Mugil cephalus
119.	Neogobius melanostomus
120.	Notropis atherinoides
121.	Notropis hudsonius
122.	Oncorhynchus clarkii
123.	Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
124.	Oncorhynchus keta
125.	Oncorhynchus kisutch
126.	Oncorhynchus masou
127.	Oncorhynchus mykiss
128.	Oncorhynchus nerka
129.	Oncorhynchus rhodurus
130.	Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
131.	Oplegnathus fasciatus
132.	Oplegnathus punctatus
133.	Oreochromis niloticus
134.	Osphronemus goramy
135.	Oxyeleotris marmorata
136.	Oxyeleotris selheimi
137.	Pagrus major
138.	Pagrus pagrus
139.	Pangasius hypophthalmus
140.	Paralichthys dentatus
141.	Paralichthys lethostigma
142.	Paralichthys olivaceus
143.	Parambassis gulliveri
144.	Parapristipoma trilineatum
145.	Parophrys vetulus
146.	Perca flavescens
147.	Perca fluviatilis
148.	Percopsis omiscomaycus
149.	Phoxinus phoxinus
150.	Pimephales notatus
151.	Platichthys flesus
152.	Platycephalus fuscus
153.	Plecoglossus altivelis
154.	Plectorhinchus cinctus
155.	Pleuronectes platessa
156.	Poecilia reticulata
157.	Pollachius virens
158.	Pomatoschistus minutus
159.	Pomoxis nigromaculatus
160.	Psetta maxima
161.	Pseudocaranx dentex
162.	Puntius conchonius
163.	Puntius sophore
164.	Rachycentron canadum
165.	Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
166.	Rhacochilus vacca
167.	Rutilus rutilus
168.	Salmo salar
169.	Salmo trutta
170.	Salvelinus alpinus
171.	Salvelinus fontinalis
172.	Salvelinus namaycush
173.	Sander lucioperca
174.	Sander vitreus
175.	Sardinops sagax
176.	Scaphirhynchus albus
177.	Scaphirhynchus platorynchus
178.	Scardinius erythrophthalmus
179.	Scatophagus argus
180.	Sciaenops ocellatus
181.	Scomber japonicus
182.	Scomberomorus niphonius
183.	Sebastes inermis
184.	Sebastes schlegelii
185.	Seriola dumerili
186.	Seriola hippos
187.	Seriola lalandi
188.	Seriola quinqueradiata
189.	Sillago ciliata
190.	Silurus glanis
191.	Siniperca chuatsi
192.	Solea solea
193.	Sparus aurata
194.	Sprattus sprattus
195.	Symphysodon discus
196.	Takifugu rubripes
197.	Thaleichthys pacificus
198.	Theragra chalcogramma
199.	Thunnus thynnus
200.	Thymallus thymallus
201.	Tinca tinca
202.	Toxotes chatareus
203.	Trachinotus blochii
204.	Trachurus japonicus
205.	Trichogaster pectoralis
206.	Trichogaster trichopterus
207.	Trisopterus esmarkii
208.	Trisopterus minutus
209.	Verasper variegatus

PART 2

Molluscs

Item	Species
1.	Anadara trapezia
2.	Argopecten gibbus
3.	Austrovenus stutchburyi
4.	Cerastoderma edule
5.	Crassostrea angulata
6.	Crassostrea ariakensis
7.	Crassostrea echinata
8.	Crassostrea gigas
9.	Crassostrea nippon
10.	Crassostrea rhizophorae
11.	Crassostrea sikamea
12.	Crassostrea virginica
13.	Haliotis corrugata
14.	Haliotis cracherodii
15.	Haliotis cyclobates
16.	Haliotis discus hannai
17.	Haliotis diversicolor
18.	Haliotis fulgens
19.	Haliotis laevigata
20.	Haliotis midae
21.	Haliotis rubra
22.	Haliotis rufescens
23.	Haliotis scalaris
24.	Haliotis sorenseni
25.	Haliotis tuberculata
26.	Haliotis wallalensis
27.	Katelysia rhytiphora
28.	Macoma balthica
29.	Macoma mitchelli
30.	Mercenaria mercenaria
31.	Mya arenaria
32.	Mytilus edulis
33.	Mytilus galloprovincialis
34.	Ostrea angasi
35.	Ostrea chilensis
36.	Ostrea conchaphila
37.	Ostrea denselamellosa
38.	Ostrea edulis
39.	Ostrea puelchana
40.	Paphia undulata
41.	Pinctada margaritifera
42.	Pinctada martensii
43.	Ruditapes decussates
44.	Ruditapes pullastra
45.	Ruditapes semidecussatus
46.	Saccostrea forskali
47.	Saccostrea glomerata
48.	Striostrea mytiloides
49.	Tapes pullastra
50.	Tapes rhomboideus
51.	Tridacna crocea
52.	Tridacna gigas
53.	Tridacna maxima
54.	Venerupis aurea
55.	Venerupis philippinarum

PART 3

Crustaceans

Item	Species
1.	Astacus astacus
2.	Astacus leptodactylus
3.	Austropotamobius pallipes
4.	Austropotamobius torrentium
5.	Callinectes sapidus
6.	Cambroides japonicus
7.	Cancer irroratus
8.	Cherax destructor
9.	Cherax quadricarinutus
10.	Cherax quinquecarinatus
11.	Eriocheir sinensis
12.	Exopalaemon styliferus
13.	Farfantepenaeus aztecus
14.	Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
15.	Farfantepenaeus californiensis
16.	Farfantepenaeus duorarum
17.	Farfantepenaeus paulensis
18.	Farfantepenaeus subtilis
19.	Fenneropenaeus chinensis
20.	Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
21.	Fenneropenaeus penicillatus
22.	Homarus americanus
23.	Litopenaeus occidentalis
24.	Litopenaeus schmitti
25.	Litopenaeus setiferus
26.	Litopenaeus stylirostris
27.	Litopenaeus vannamei
28.	Macrobrachium rosenbergii
29.	Marsupenaeus japonicus
30.	Melicertus kerathurus
31.	Melicertus marginatus
32.	Melicertus plebejus
33.	Metapenaeus ensis
34.	Orconectes limosus
35.	Orconectes punctimanus
36.	Pacifastacus leniusculus
37.	Penaeus ensis
38.	Penaeus esculentus
39.	Penaeus indicus
40.	Penaeus merguiensis
41.	Penaeus monodon
42.	Penaeus schmitti
43.	Penaeus semisulcatus
44.	Procambarus clarkii
45.	Trachypenaeus similis

SCHEDULE 2
(Section 4)

SCHEDULE VII
(Subsection 91.2(1))

IMMEDIATELY NOTIFIABLE DISEASES

Item	Disease
1.	abalone viral mortality (abalone mortality virus)
2.	aino virus infection
3.	akabane disease
4.	avian chlamydiosis (C. pscittaci)
5.	avian encephalomyelitis
6.	avian infectious laryngotracheitis
7.	besnoitiosis
8.	bonamiosis (Bonamia exitiosa)
9.	Borna disease
10.	bovine babesiosis (B. bovis)
11.	bovine ephemeral fever
12.	bovine petechial fever
13.	brown ring disease (Vibrio tapetis)
14.	channel catfish virus disease (channel catfish virus)
15.	contagious agalactia
16.	contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
17.	crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci (EU strain))
18.	dourine
19.	duck hepatitis
20.	egg drop syndrome (adenovirus)
21.	enteric septicaemia of catfish (Edwardsiella ictaluri)
22.	enterovirus encephalomyelitis (Teschen disease)
23.	epizootic haemorrhagic disease
24.	epizootic lymphangitis
25.	epizootic ulcerative syndrome (Aphanomyces invadans)
26.	equine encephalomyelitis, western and eastern
27.	fluvalinate-resistant Varroa mite
28.	fowl cholera
29.	glanders
30.	goose parvovirus infection (Derzsy’s disease)
31.	gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)
32.	hepatopancreatic parvovirus disease (hepatopancreatic parvovirus)
33.	heartwater (cowdriosis)
34.	hendra virus
35.	herpes virus of cervidae
36.	Ibarak disease
37.	infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus)
38.	infectious myonecrosis (infectious myonecrosis virus)
39.	Japanese encephalitis
40.	louping ill
41.	marteiliosis (Marteilia sydneyi)
42.	mikrocytosis (Mikrocytos roughleyi)
43.	Mourilyan virus disease (Mourilyan virus)
44.	Nairobi sheep disease
45.	necrotizing hepatopancreatitis
46.	Nipah virus
47.	Oncorhynchus masou virus disease (Oncorhynchus masou virus)
48.	piscirickettsiosis (Piscirickettsia salmonis (Chilean strain))
49.	red sea bream iridoviral disease (red sea bream iridovirus)
50.	screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) and (Chrysomyia bezziana)
51.	small hive beetle (Aethina tumida)
52.	spawner-isolated mortality virus disease (spawner-isolated mortality virus)
53.	spherical baculovirosis (Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus)
54.	tetrahedral baculovirosis (Baculovirus penaei)
55.	theileriasis
56.	tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes phagocytophilia)
57.	tissue worm (Elaphostrongylus cervi)
58.	trypanosomiasis (exotic to Canada)
59.	turkey viral rhinotracheitis or swollen head disease in chickens
60.	viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits
61.	Wesselbron’s disease
62.	West Nile fever
63.	white tail disease (white tail virus)
64.	withering syndrome of abalone (Xenohaliotis californiensis)

SCHEDULE 3
(Section 5)

SCHEDULE VIII
(Subsection 91.2 (3))

ANNUALLY NOTIFIABLE DISEASES

Item	Disease
1.	acarine disease
2.	actinomycosis
3.	American foul brood
4.	atrophic rhinitis
5.	avian infectious bronchitis
6.	avian leukosis
7.	avian salmonellosis
8.	avian spirochaetosis
9.	avian tuberculosis
10.	bacterial kidney disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum)
11.	blackleg
12.	botulism
13.	bovine genital campylobacteriosis
14.	bovine malignant catarrhal fever
15.	bovine viral diarrhoea or mucosal disease
16.	caprine arthritis-encephalitis
17.	caseous lymphadenitis
18.	coccidiosis
19.	contagious ophthalmia
20.	contagious pustular dermatitis
21.	dermatophilosis
22.	distomatosis (liver fluke)
23.	duck virus enteritis
24.	echinococcosis or hydatidosis
25.	enteric red mouth disease (Yersinia ruckeri)
26.	enterotoxaemia
27.	enzootic abortion
28.	enzootic bovine leucosis
29.	equine coital exanthema
30.	equine influenza
31.	equine rhinopneumonitis
32.	European foul brood
33.	filariasis
34.	foot-rot
35.	fowl pox
36.	furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida)
37.	haemorrhagic septicaemia
38.	horse mange (Psoroptes equi)
39.	equine viral arteritis
40.	infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR or IPV)
41.	infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)
42.	infectious coryza
43.	intestinal salmonella infections
44.	listeriosis
45.	maedi-visna
46.	Marek’s disease
47.	melioidosis
48.	avian mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum)
49.	myxomatosis
50.	nosematosis of bees
51.	other clostridial infections
52.	other pasteurelloses
53.	ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis)
54.	ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
55.	paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease)
56.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
57.	Q fever
58.	QPX disease (Quahog parasite unknown)
59.	Salmonella abortus ovis
60.	Salmonella abortus equi
61.	seaside organism (haplosporidium costale)
62.	sheep mange (scab)
63.	strangles
64.	streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae)
65.	swine erysipelas
66.	toxoplasmosis
67.	transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
68.	trichomoniasis
69.	tularaemia
70.	ulcerative lymphangitis
71.	vibrionic dysentery
72.	warble infestation

[51-1-o]

Footnote 1
Refer to SOR/2003-155

Footnote 2
C.R.C. c. 296

Footnote a
S.C. 1993, c. 34, s. 76

Footnote b
S.C. 1990, c. 21

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